Nursing students faced with organ donation: Multicenter stratified national study.

AIM: To analyze the attitude of university nursing students at Spanish universities toward organ donation and transplantation and the factors affecting to their attitude. BACKGROUND: The opinion of future nurses toward organ transplant donation could have an important influence on the population. Knowing that opinion and what factors influence it is important to improve the attitude towards organ donation and transplantation. DESIGN: A multicenter, sociological, interdisciplinary and observational study including university nursing diploma students in a complete academic year. METHODS: Selected and randomized sample was taken of students from 52 of the 111 faculties and nursing schools and faculties in Spain with teaching activity PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 10,566 students was selected stratified by geographical area and year. MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT: The instrument used was a validated questionnaire of attitude toward organ donation and transplantation, self-administered and completed anonymously. RESULTS: Completion rate: 85 % (n = 9001). Of the students surveyed, 78 % (n = 7040) would donate their organs after dying. Variables related to a favourable attitude: (1) Interest in listening to a talk about organ donation and transplantation [Odds ratio 1.66, 95 % confidence interval 2.05-1.35]; (2) Family discussion [Odds ratio 2.30, 95 % confidence interval 2.79-1.90] or discussion with friends about organ donation and transplantation [Odds ratio 1.56, 95 % confidence interval 1.86-1.31]; (3) Knowing that one's father [Odds ratio 1.54, 95 % confidence interval 1.94-1.22], mother's [Odds ratio 1.44, 95 % confidence interval 1.82-1.13] or partner [Odds ratio 1.28, 95 % confidence interval 1.60-1.03] has a favourable opinion; (4) Having a good self-assessment of information about organ donation and transplantation [Odds ratio 2.94, 95 % confidence interval 4.90-1.78]; (5) Not being worried about possible mutilation of the body after donation [Odds ratio 2.73, 95 % confidence interval 3.36-1.72]. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students in Spain tend to have a favourable attitude toward organ donation and transplantation although more than 20 % of those surveyed are not in favour. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: To maintain a high rate of organ donation for organ transplantation, it is necessary to improve the social awareness of future generations of nurses towards organ donation.

Exploring Health Science Students' Notions on Organ Donation and Transplantation: A Multicenter Study.

The knowledge acquired during university education about organ donation and transplantation (ODT) decisively influences the information future health professionals transmit. This is important in ODT where the participation of the general public is essential to obtain organs. OBJECTIVE: To determine notions of Spanish medicine and nursing students on ODT and its relationship with attitude toward ODT. METHODS AND DESIGN: and design. We conducted a sociologic, multicenter, and observational study. The population for our study consisted of medical and nursing students in Spanish universities. Our database was the Collaborative International Donor Project, stratified by geographic area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (PCID-DTO-RIOS) was self-administered and completed anonymously. Our sample consisted of 9598 medical and 10,566 nursing students (99% confidence interval; precision of ±1%), stratified by geographic area and year of study. RESULTS: The completion rate for our study was 90%. Only 20% (n=3640) of students thought their notions on ODT were good; 41% (n=7531) thought their notions were normal; 36% (n=6550) thought their notions were scarce. Comparing groups, there were differences between those who believed that their notions on ODT were good (44% nursing vs 56% medical students; P < .000), and those who believed it scarce (54% nursing vs 46% medical students; P < .000). Notions on ODT were related with attitude toward the donation of one's own organs: those who considered their notions were good were more in favor then those who considered it scarce (88% vs 72%; P < .000). CONCLUSION: Only 20% of Spanish medical and nursing students thought their notions on ODT were good. Having good knowledge is related to a favorable attitude towards ODT. Receiving specific information on the subject could improve their knowledge about ODT during their training.

Organ Donation Related With Attitude Toward the Law of Presumed Consent: Spanish University Medical and Nursing Students Study.

INTRODUCTION: Information provided by health care professionals is crucial to create a climate of social opinion. This is important in organ donation and transplantation (ODT), where the participation of the general public is essential to obtain organs. OBJECTIVE: To determine the attitude toward the Law of Presumed Consent (LPC) among Spanish university students and to analyze their relation with attitude toward ODT. METHODS: and design. The type of study was a sociologic, multicenter, observational study. The population included medical and nursing students in Spanish universities. Database of Collaborative International Donor Project was used stratified by geographic area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (Collaborative International Donor Project, organ donation and transplantation questionnaire in Spanish [PCID-DTO-RIOS]) was self-administered and completed anonymously. A sample of 9598 medical and 10,566 nursing students was analyzed (99% confidence and precision of ±1%) and stratified by geographic area and year of study. RESULTS: Completion rate was 90%. Regarding attitude toward LPC, 66% of the students were against the law, whereas 34% accepted it. Of the students surveyed, 9% considered the law as a gesture of solidarity, 25% as an effective way of not wasting organs, 48% as an abuse of power, and 18% as offenses against the family. Those students who were in favor of LPC also had a more favorable attitude toward ODT (86% vs 76%; P < .001). Comparing groups, nursing students were less in favor of LPC than medical students (32% vs 36%; P < .000). CONCLUSION: Sixty-six percent of Spanish university medical and nursing students were against the LPC. The favorable attitude toward ODT is associated with considering the law as a gesture of solidarity or as an effective way of not wasting organs.

Confident Perception of Primary Care Physicians Correlates to the Attitude Toward Donation and Organ Transplantation: A Multicenter Study of Medical And Nursing Spanish Students.

A primary care physician (PCP) not only accompanies the patient in the process of an illness, but throughout his or her life. The confidence we have in these health professionals is fundamental, and their favorable attitude toward organ donation and transplantation (ODT) has a significant influence on the population. OBJECTIVE: To analyze trust in PCPs among Spanish medical and nursing students, the relationship with their attitude toward ODT, and the factors that condition it. METHODS AND DESIGN: A sociologic, multicenter, and observational study. POPULATION: medical and nursing students in Spanish universities. DATABASE: Collaborative International Donor Project, stratified by geographic area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (PCID-DTO-RIOS) was self-administered and completed anonymously. A sample of 9598 medical and 10,566 nursing students (99% confidence and precision of ±1%), stratified by geographic area and year of study. RESULTS: Completion rate: 90%. With respect to students' trust in their physician, 18% (n = 3267) of them totally trust (completely), 45% (n = 8101) trust enough, 30% (n = 5478) of them have not enough trust, and 7% not at all. Comparing groups, medical students totally trust more in PCPs than nursing students (55% vs 45%; P < .000), however, nursing students have less than enough trust in their PCP than medical students (53% vs 47%; P < .000). Students that totally trust in their PCP were more in favor toward ODT than students with not enough trust (83% vs 77%; P < .000). CONCLUSION: Only 18% of Spanish medical and nursing students totally trust in their PCP. Attitude toward ODT is related to a higher level of trust in PCPs among these students.

Nursing Students' Knowledge About Organ Donation and Transplantation: A Spanish Multicenter Study.

Health care professionals and the information that they provide to the public on organ donation and transplantation (ODT) influence attitudes toward this option. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to analyze the knowledge of university nursing students at Spanish universities toward ODT and the factors affecting it. METHODS AND DESIGN: The methods and design included a multicenter, sociologic, and observational study including university nursing diploma students in a complete academic year. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 10,566 students was selected stratified by geographic area and year. INSTRUMENT: A validated questionnaire of knowledge toward ODT (PCID-DTO RIOS), self-administered and completed anonymously. RESULTS: Questionnaire completion rate: 85% (n = 9001). Only 18% (n = 1580) believed that their knowledge about ODT was good, 40% (n = 3578) believed that the information they had was normal, and 39% believed that their knowledge was sparse. Of the students, 96% believed that organ needs are not covered and 79% that they might need a transplant in the future. Only 39% (n = 3493) had attended a talk about ODT. Furthermore, 83% (n = 7435) believed that attending a talk would be interesting. The following variables were associated with having a more adequate knowledge: gender (62% men vs 57% women; P < .001); academic year (P < .001); knowing a donor (P < .001); knowing a transplant patient (P < .001); believing the possibility of needing a transplant oneself in the future (P < .001); attitude toward deceased donation (P < .001); and interest in receiving an informative talk about ODT (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Only 18% of nursing students in Spain believed that their knowledge about ODT was adequate. These results must be considered for possible training plans for these future professionals.

[Changes in the physical activity of university students during the first three years of university]. / Modificación de la actividad física durante los tres primeros años de universidad.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: physical inactivity is the fourth most important risk factor for mortality worldwide and university students present this risk factor at a high level. Objective: to determine the changes in the physical activity of university students in Navarra during the first three years of college. Methods: prospective observational study of a cohort of university students. They participated in the first year, and two years later in the third year. The cohorts were comprised of 454 students who answered a voluntary and anonymous self-completion questionnaire with sociodemographic and physical activity related variables. Data were analyzed with SPSS v21.0. Results: of the participants, 67.4% (n = 306) were women and 32.6% (n = 148) were men. In the first year, 61.6% of students performed more than 150 minutes of physical activity per week. This percentage increased by 2.7%. The frequency of physical activity at least three times a week increased 6.1%, reaching 30.5% of students. Conclusions: university does not play a significant role in the promotion of physical activity, finding minimal modifications. In the future, it would be convenient to consider the reasons that hinder physical activity and design programs according to current recommendations.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la inactividad física constituye el cuarto factor de riesgo más importante de mortalidad en todo el mundo y los estudiantes universitarios presentan en un alto nivel este factor de riesgo. Objetivos: determinar la modificación de la actividad física de los estudiantes universitarios en Navarra durante los tres primeros años de universidad. Métodos: estudio observacional prospectivo de una cohorte de universitarios que participaron en el estudio en primer curso y dos años después, en tercer curso. Las cohortes fueron constituidas por 454 estudiantes que respondieron a un cuestionario de autocumplimentación voluntario y anónimo con variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la actividad física. Los datos se analizaron con el SPSS v21.0. Resultados: un 67,4% (n = 306) fueron mujeres y un 32,6% (n = 148) fueron hombres. El 61,6% de los estudiantes de primer curso realizaban más de 150 minutos a la semana de actividad física y se incrementó el porcentaje de estudiantes activos físicamente en un 2,7%. Entre quienes realizaban actividad física mínimo tres veces a la semana se observó un incremento del 6,1%, hasta alcanzar el 30,5% de estudiantes. Conclusiones: el periodo universitario no desempeña un papel significativo en la promoción de la actividad física, ya que se observan modificaciones mínimas en su práctica. A futuro, convendría plantearse los motivos que dificultan la actividad física y diseñar programas según las recomendaciones actuales.

[Changes in body weight of the university students at university]. / MODIFICACIÓN DEL PESO CORPORAL DE LOS ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS EN NAVARRA DURANTE LOS TRES PRIMEROS AÑOS DE UNIVERSIDAD.

INTRODUCTION: One of the strategies for the prevention of the obesity is the identification of critical periods of gain weight. Some studies confirm gain weight during the university period. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the changes in the body weight of the university students in Navarre. METHODS: Prospective cohort study. Public University of Navarre and the University of Navarre, in Pamplona. Study examined weight change among 452 students attending at university in Pamplona, during first and third course. Four hundred and fifty two students completed the questionnaire. Weight and height were measures and body mass index was calculated. RESULTS: The mean body weight increased 0,600 kg, 1,8 kg for males and no change in body weight was observed in female. 44,7 % of students gained weight (60,8 % of men and 36,8 % of women), and the gain weight was of 3,4 kg. DISCUSSION: University years are a critical factor for the gain weight, particularly males. Consideration of this, is necessary the development of effective weight gain prevention strategies during the university.

Introducción: una de las estrategias para la prevención de la obesidad es la identificación de periodos críticos de aumento de peso, y existen estudios que confirman un aumento de peso corporal durante el periodo universitario. Objetivo: determinar las modificaciones en el peso corporal de los estudiantes universitarios en España, durante los tres primeros años de universidad. Métodos: estudio longitudinal y prospectivo de una muestra de estudiantes universitarios en España. Participaron universitarios matriculados en primer curso, a quienes se siguió en tercer curso. De los 1.162 estudiantes iniciales, 499 volvieron a participar (pérdida de seguimiento del 57,05%) y la muestra fue constituida por 452 estudiantes (pérdida de seguimiento del 60,8 %). Los estudiantes respondieron a un cuestionario y se valoró el peso y la talla corporal. Resultados: el peso corporal experimentó un incremento medio de 0,600 kg. En los hombres 1,88 kg y sin apenas modificación en las mujeres. Entre el 44,7 % de los estudiantes que aumentaron de peso (60,8 % hombres y 36,8 % mujeres), la ganancia media de peso alcanzó los 3,4 kg. Discusión: durante el periodo universitario se produce un aumento del peso corporal que afecta principalmente a los hombres. Por este motivo, es necesario continuar con los programas de promoción de la salud en este entorno.

Modificación del peso corporal de los estudiantes universitarios en Navarra durante los tres primeros años de universidad / Changes in body weight of the university students at university

Introducción: una de las estrategias para la prevención de la obesidad es la identificación de periodos críticos de aumento de peso, y existen estudios que confirman un aumento de peso corporal durante el periodo universitario. Objetivo: determinar las modificaciones en el peso corporal de los estudiantes universitarios en España, durante los tres primeros años de universidad. Métodos: estudio longitudinal y prospectivo de una muestra de estudiantes universitarios en España. Participaron universitarios matriculados en primer curso, a quienes se siguió en tercer curso. De los 1.162 estudiantes iniciales, 499 volvieron a participar (pérdida de seguimiento del 57,05%) y la muestra fue constituida por 452 estudiantes (pérdida de seguimiento del 60,8 %). Los estudiantes respondieron a un cuestionario y se valoró el peso y la talla corporal. Resultados: el peso corporal experimentó un incremento medio de 0,600 kg. En los hombres 1,88 kg y sin apenas modificación en las mujeres. Entre el 44,7 % de los estudiantes que aumentaron de peso (60,8 % hombres y 36,8 % mujeres), la ganancia media de peso alcanzó los 3,4 kg. Discusión: durante el periodo universitario se produce un aumento del peso corporal que afecta principalmente a los hombres. Por este motivo, es necesario continuar con los programas de promoción de la salud en este entorno (AU)

Introduction: one of the strategies for the prevention of the obesity is the identification of critical periods of gain weight. Some studies confirm gain weight during the university period. Objective: the purpose of the present study was to determine the changes in the body weight of the university students in Navarre. Methods: prospective cohort study. Public University of Navarre and the University of Navarre, in Pamplona. Study examined weight change among 452 students attending at university in Pamplona, during first and third course. Four hundred and fifty two students completed the questionnaire. Weight and height were measures and body mass index was calculated. Results: the mean body weight increased 0,600 kg, 1,8 kg for males and no change in body weight was observed in female. 44,7 % of students gained weight (60,8 % of men and 36,8 % of women), and the gain weight was of 3,4 kg. Discussion: university years are a critical factor for the gain weight, particularly males. Consideration of this, is necessary the development of effective weight gain prevention strategies during the university (AU)

Cambios en el consumo de tabaco de los estudiantes de la Universidad Pública de Navarra, España, durante el periodo universitario / Changes in the Tobacco Consumption of Students in Navarre, Spain, during their College Life / Análise do consumo de tabaco dos estudantes em Navarra, Espanha, durante o período acadêmico

Objetivo: Analizar los cambios que se producen en el patrón de consumo de tabaco de estudiantes de la Universidad Pública de Navarra, en el tercer curso de titulación versus el primero. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte descriptivo-observacional. Se autoaplicó un cuestionario, con preguntas sobre el consumo de tabaco. La utilización de una clave elaborada por el propio estudiante permitió enlazar los cuestionarios en los dos momentos del estudio, para asegurar la confidencialidad de los datos. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS v21.0. Resultados: La cohorte la constituyeron 245 estudiantes: el 64,1% eran mujeres (n = 157), y el 35,9%, hombres (n = 88). El porcentaje de fumadores a diario descendió de un 24,5% en primer curso a un 23,7% en tercero, así como el porcentaje de fumadores ocasionales (de 21,6% a 20,8%). Sin embargo, el consumo medio de cigarrillos diario entre los fumadores aumentó de 10,30% a 11,02%. En las mujeres se observó la misma tendencia de cambio que en la media general: 2,8% el descenso de las fumadoras a diario y 1% las fumadoras ocasionales. Entre tanto, en los hombres aumentó el porcentaje de fumadores a diario (1,2%) y el de fumadores ocasionales (1,10%), así como el número medio de cigarrillos consumidos al día que se aumenta en 2,6. Conclusiones: Un alto porcentaje de estudiantes mantiene la frecuencia de consumo de tabaco durante la vida universitaria, que resultan porcentajes similares entre los que modifican su hábito aumentando o disminuyendo la frecuencia de consumo.

Objective: To analyze the change in the tobacco consumption of the university students during their university studies. Methodology: A descriptive cohort study of university students followed from the first to third year. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to the students. The use of a key generated by the student questionnaires allowed linking the two stages of the study, ensuring the confidentiality of data. A statistical package SPSS v210 was used for the statistical analysis of data. Results: The cohort consisting of 245 students, with 64.1% of female (n=157) and 35.9% male (n=88). The percentage of daily smokers decreased from 24.5% in the first year to 23.7% in the third, and the percentage of occasional smokers (from 21.6% to 20.8%). However, the average daily consumption of cigarettes among smokers increased from 10.30% to 11.02%. In women, the same trend of change in the overall average being 2.8% declining daily smokers and 1.0% the casual smokers was observed. However in men the percentage of daily smokers increased (1.2%) and occasional smokers (1.10%) and the average number of cigarettes smoked per day increases by 2.6. Conclusions: A high percentage of students support the frequency of consumption of tobacco during the university life, turning out to be similar percentages between those who modify smoking increasing or decreasing the frequency of consumption.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as mudanças que ocorrem no padrão de consumo de tabaco por estudantes universitários no terceiro ano de estudo em relação ao primeiro ano. Metodologia: Estudo de coorte descritivo de uma coorte de estudantes universitários seguiu para o primeiro e terceiro ano os alunos. Autocuplimentación questionário com perguntas sobre o consumo de tabaco foi aprovada. O uso de uma chave gerada pelos questionários dos alunos autorizados a ligar as duas etapas do estudo, garantindo a confidencialidade dos dados. Para a análise estatística do pacote estatístico SPSSS dados v21.0 foi usado. Resultado: A coorte constituída 245 alunos, com 64,1% de participantes do sexo feminino (n = 157) e 35,9% do sexo masculino (n = 88). O percentual de fumantes diários diminuiu de 24,5% no primeiro ano para 23,7% no terceiro, eo percentual de fumantes ocasionais (de 21,6% para 20,8%). No entanto, o consumo médio diário de cigarros entre os fumantes aumentou 10,30%- 11,02%. Nas mulheres, a mesma tendência de mudança na média geral sendo 2,8% de declínio fumantes diários e 1% dos fumantes ocasionais foi observada. No entanto, em homens, aumentou o percentual de fumantes diários (1,2%) e fumantes ocasionais (1,10%) e do número médio de cigarros fumados por dia aumenta em 2.6. Conclusões: Uma elevada percentagem de estudantes mantém a frequência de consumo de tabaco durante a vida da faculdade, resultando em taxas similares entre aqueles que mudam de hábito, aumentando ou diminuindo a frequência de consumo.

Rediseño del circuito de cirugía mayor ambulatoria de oftalmología con un formulario de valoración preanestésica / Redesign of preoperative assessment in ocular ambulatory surgery using a preanesthetic evaluation form

Objetivo: Disminuir el número de visitas previas a la intervención quirúrgica en el Servicio de Oftalmología, y mejorar la comodidad del paciente y la calidad asistencial. Mitigar la demora en la lista de espera de la Consulta de Anestesia, y reducir el número de pacientes de riesgo bajo derivados. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal de pacientes candidatos a cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA) oftalmológica, en 2 fases, durante 12 meses entre los años 2003-2004. Se rediseñó el circuito preoperatorio que incluye una entrevista en la Consulta de Enfermería de Oftalmología, en la que se realiza una encuesta de salud a partir del formulario de valoración preanestésica, se evalúan los requisitos de CMA y se solicita el consentimiento informado. El riesgo anestésico de los pacientes a los que se derivó a la Consulta de Anestesia se evaluó según la clasificación de la American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), y se consideraron correctamente derivados a los pacientes con ASA III y IV. Resultados: Durante el período de estudio se realizaron 260 procedimientos quirúrgicos oculares. En 89 ocasiones se derivó a los pacientes a la Consulta de Anestesia. En la fase I, de los 68 pacientes enviados, se clasificó al 22% de riesgo anestésico alto, mientras que de los 21 enviados en la fase II, el 57% era de riesgo alto. El número de visitas realizadas por los pacientes disminuyó un 41%. Conclusión: La sustitución de la consulta preoperatoria con el anestesista por la realización del formulario de valoración preanestésica resulta útil y efectiva en pacientes de riesgo bajo que vayan a recibir cirugía ocular con anestesia local

Objective: To minimize the number of preoperative assessments before surgery, thus improving patient comfort and quality of care. To reduce waiting list delays in anesthesia consultations by decreasing referral of low risk patients. Material and methods: We performed a cross sectional study in patients suitable for ambulatory ocular surgery in two phases over a 12-month period from 2003-2004. The preoperative process was redesigned and included an interview in the ophthalmology nursing consultation, in which a preanesthetic evaluation form was used to assess health status and ambulatory surgery requirements. Informed consent was also requested. The anesthetic risk of patients referred to the anesthesia consultation was evaluated according to the classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). Referrals in patients with ASA III and ASA IV were considered appropriate. Results: During the study period, 260 ocular surgical procedures were carried out. Eighty-nine patients were referred to the anesthesia consultation. In phase I, 68 patients were referred and 22% were classified as high anesthetic risk. In phase II, 21 patients were referred and 57% were classified as high risk. The number of preoperative consultations was reduced by 41%. Conclusion: Substitution of preoperative anesthesia consultations by assessment using a preanesthetic evaluation form is useful and effective in patients with low anesthetic risk scheduled to undergo ambulatory ocular surgery